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Activated Carbon Filter :

 

Process:
Activated carbon filters are made in two types vertical and horizontal the principle of operation and method of working are similar and available in different size and capacities PWT filters are very efficient to reduced the suspended solids C.O.D.B.O.D. color organic matter and free chlorine the different time of filtering media lock grave silex work as sand / activated carbon rest bed in both filter water admitted at the top and passed away from the filter the incoming water is directed on a baffle to prevent disturbance of the sand /activated carbon bed.

Scope of supply :

  • Mid steel pressurizes vessel painted inside with anticorrosive paint and out side with two coats of red oxide primer with distribution and collection systems.
  • Set of frontal piping and valve to control the inlet outlet wash out drain and air supply for back.
  • One charge of filtering media / activated carbon of required quality and size along with unit
  • The carbon filter will have steam-bath reactivation arrangement.

Application :

  • Free filtration for water treatment plant and reverse osmosis plant.
  • Effluent treatment plant.
  • Drinking water scheme.
  • Swimming pool and water resort.
  • Water recirculation system.

Technical Specifications of Activated Carbon :

Model no Diameter of unit in mm Size of piping in mm Flow rate m3 /hr Qty. of Activated Carbon
PWC-3 300 20 mm 1.2 25 Kgs
PWC-4 400 25MM 2.1 40 Kgs
PWC-5 500 25MM 3.4 65 Kgs
PWC-6 600 40MM 5 90 Kgs
PWC-7 700 40MM 6.6 125 Kgs
PWC-8 800 50MM 8.6 165 Kgs
PWC-9 900 50MM 11.3 210 Kgs
PWC-10 1000 50MM 13.5 260 Kgs
PWC-11 1100 50MM 16.3 310 Kgs
PWC-12 1200 60MM 20.3 375 Kgs
PWC-13 1300 60MM 22.8 435 Kgs
PWC-14 1400 80MM 26.5 500 Kgs
PWC-15 1500 80MM 31.5 580 Kgs
PWC-16 1600 100MM 34.5 650 Kgs
PWC-17 1700 100MM 39 750 Kgs
PWC-18 1800 100MM 45 840 Kgs
PWC-19 1900 100MM 48.7 935 Kgs
PWC-20 2000 100MM 54 1000 Kgs

Water Softening Plant :

Process:
Water softening plant is the most widely employed method for softening water during the softening processes calcium and magnesium ions are remove from hard water by cation exchange for sodium ions when the exchange resin has essentially remove the calcium magnesium ions to the limit of its capacity the resin is regenerated to the sodium from with a salt solution in the ph range of 6 to 8 the exchange capacity of polystyrene resins is 650 kg/m3 when regenerated with 250 g of salt per kilogram of hardness removed during the regeneration process the resins are again converted to sodium from for the next cycle of operation.

Scope of supply :

Main pressure vessel of S.S. / M.S. / frp provided with stainer plates at top and bottom, & internally protected with plastic paint to prevent corrosion set of frontal piping & valves and ejector for salt injection. Initial charge of high capacity ion exchange resins. HDPE salt tank for regeneration resins test kit.

Application :

  • Free filtration for water treatment plant and reverse osmosis plant.
  • Effluent treatment plant.
  • Drinking water scheme.
  • Swimming pool and water resort.
  • Water recirculation system.

Technical Specifications of Activated Carbon :

Model SF:1000 SF:2000 SF:3000 SF:4000 SF:6000 SF:9000
Flow rate max,Lts /hr 1000 2000 3000 4000 6000 9000
Working pressure kg/cm2 max 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5
Working pressure kg/cm2 min 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5
Quantity of ( NACL ) saltRequired / regeneration in kg 5 8 12 17 21 32
Quantity of ion exchange resins in liters. 35 55 80 120 150 225
Out put / regeneration in ltr based on total hardness of 200 PPM as CaCo3 9000 15000 22000 33000 41000 62000
Duration of regeneration in mints 60 60 60 60 60 60
Residual hardness in treated water PPM as CaCo3 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5

Capacity in Lts. From Standard model softeners :

RAW WATER HARDNESS IN PPM AS CaCo3
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Model
SF 1000 18000 13000 9000 7500 6500 5500 4500 4000 3500
SF 2000 30000 20000 15000 12000 10000 8500 7500 6600 6000
SF 3000 45000 30000 22000 17500 15000 12500 11000 10000 8500
SF 4000 67500 45000 33000 26250 22500 18750 16500 15000 12750
SF 6000 82000 57000 41000 33000 28000 23500 20600 17500 16500
SF 9000 125000 83000 62000 50000 41000 35000 30000 27000 24000

IMPORTANT :

1.    Raw Water Should Be Free From Turbidity, Free Chlorine, Heavy Metal, Organic Matter, Oil and Should Be At Ambient Temperature

2.    Out put per generation is depend on effluent water quality

De Mineralized water treatment plant (D.M. PLANT) :

Process :
Demineralization systems are very widely employed not only for conditioning water for high – pressure boilers but also for conditioning various process and rinse water the ion – exchange system chosen very accordingly to the volumes and composition of the raw waters, the effluent- quality require for different uses and the comparative capital and operation cost briefly if silica removal is not require the system may consist of a hydrogen – cation – exchanger unit and a weekly basic anion exchanger unit usually followed by a degasifier to remove by aeration most of the carbon dioxide formed from the bicarbonates in the first step when silica removal basic anion – exchanger unit usually with a degasifier between the unit to removed carbon dioxide ahead of the strongly basic anion –exchanger unit for uses where the very highest quality of effluent is required this may be followed by secondary polishing unit consisting of either.

  • A hydrogen – cation – exchanger unit and a strongly basic anion–exchanger unit or
  • A single unit containing an intimately mixed bed of a hydrogen cation – exchanger and a strongly basic anion exchanger

Technical Specifications of Activated Carbon:

Model => DM-1000 DM-2000 DM-3000 DM-5000
Flow rate ltr /hr MAX 1000 2000 3000 5000
Working pressure kg/cm2 MAXWorking pressure kg/cm2 MIN 3.51.7 3.51.7 3.51.7 3.51.7
Quantity os ion exchanger resins in ltrCationAnion 5060 100110 140160 200225
Size of frontal piping in M.M N.B 25 32 32 40
Size of valves CIEL in M.M 20 25 25 40
Chemical required per regeneration A) HCL as 30% ( commercial ) litersB) NaOH flaker Kgs 154.2 308.8 4512 6517
Output/per regeneration in liters(based on ionic load of 500 ppm as CaCo3 4800 8800 12800 18000

Pressure Sand filter :


Process :
The filter is equipped with certain valves and device which are incorporated in the outlet –pipe system the propose of the device is to maintain a constant rate of filtration an important components of the regulation system is the venture mater which meager the bad resistant or loss of head when the resistant built up the operator open the regulation valves so as to maintain a steady rate of filtration when the loss of head exceed 1.3 meter it is uneconomical to run the filter.

Normally the filter may run weeks or even month without cleaning when the bed resistant increase to such an extant that the regulation valves has to be kept fully open it is time to clean the filter bed since any further increase is drained off and the sand bed is clean by scraping of the top portion of the sand layer to a depth of 1 or 2 cm this operation may be carried out by unskilled laborers using hand tool or by mechanical equipment after several year of operation and say 20 or 30 scraping the thickness of the sand bed will have reduced to about 0.5 to 0.8 meter then the plant is closed down and a new bed is constructed.

The advantages of a slow sand filter are 1) simple to construction and operation 2) the cost of construction cheaper than that of rapid sand filters 3) the physical chemical and bacteriological quality of filter water is very high when working ideally, slow sand filter have been shown to reduce total bacterial counts by 99.9 to 99.9 per cent and E.coil by 99to 99.9 per cent

In recent year a mistaken idea has grown that biological or slow sand filtration is an old fashioned outdated method of water treatment which has been completely superseded by rapid sand filtration this is defiantly not the case slow sand filtration is still the chosen method of water purification in a number of high industrialized cities as well as urban areas in a number of cities in U.S and Europe slow sand filters have recently been constructed.

Rapid Sand or Mechanical Filter :
In 1885 the first rapid sand filer were installed in the USA since that time they have gained considerable popularity especially in high industrialized countries.

Rapid sand filter are of two type the gravity type (e.g. candy’s filter ) both the type are in use the following steps are involved in the purification of water by rapid sand filter

1.    Coagulation: the raw water is first treated with a chemical coagulant such as alum the dose of which varies from 5 – 40 mg or more per liter depending upon the turbidity and colors temperature and the ph value of the water

2.    Rapid mixing: the treated water is then subject to violent agitation in a mixing chamber for a few minutes this allows is quick and thorough dissemination of alum throughout the bulk of the water which is very necessary.

3.    Flocculation the next phase involve a slow and gentle stirring of the treated water in a flocculation chamber for about 30 minutes the mechanical type of flocculator is the most widely used it consist of a number of peddles rotate with the help of motor this slow and gentle stirring result in the formation of the thicker the precipitate of rock diameter the greater the setting velocity.

4.    Sedimentation: the coagulated water is now lead sedimentation tanks where it is detained for periods varying from 2-6 hour when the flocculent precipitate together with the impurities and bacteria settle down in the tank at least 95 percentage of the flocculent precipitate needs to be removed before the water is admitted into thee rapid send filter the precipitate or sludge which settle at the bottom ass removed to time without disturbing the operation of the tank for proper maintenance the tank should be clean regularly from time to time otherwise they may become a breeding ground for mollusks and sponge

5.    Filtration: they partly clarified water is now subjected to rapid and sponges

Filter Beds :
Each unit of filter bed has a surface of about 800 to 90 m2 (about 900 sq. feet) Sand is the filtering medium the depth of the sand is the filtering medium the effective size of the send particles is between 0.4-0.7 mm the depth of the sand bed is usually about meter (2 ½ to 3 feet). Bellow the send bed is a layer of graded level 30 to 40 cm ( 1-1 ½ feet deep the gravel support the send bed and permits the filtered water to move freely towards the under drain the depth of the water on the top on the sand bed collect the filtered water rate of filtration is 5-15 m3/m3 hour
Filtration :
As filtration processed , the alum flock not remove by sedimentation is held back on the sand bed it forms a slimy layer comparable to the zoo Leal layer is the slow send filter is it adsorbs bacterial from the water and effect purification oxidation of ammonia also takes place during the passage of water through the filters. as filtration proceeds, the suspended impurities and bacteria clog the filters the filters soon become dirty and begin to lose their efficiency when the loss of head approaches 7-8 feet filtration is stopped and the filters are subjected to a washing process known as back washing
Back-washing :
Rapid send filters need frequent washing daily or depending upon the loss of head washing is accomplished by reversing the water through the sand bed which is called “back washing” back washing dislodge the impurities and cleans up the sandbed the washing is stopped when clear sand is visible and the wash water is sufficient clear the whole process of washing takes about 15 minutes in some rapid sand filters compressor air is used as part of the back washing processes.
Advantages :
The advantage of a rapid sand filter over the slow sand filter is:

1.    rapid send filter can deal with raw water directly no preliminary storage is needed

2.    the filter beds occupy less space

3.    filtration is rapid, 40-50 time that of a slow sand filter

4.    the washing of the filter is easy

5.    there is more flexibility in operation.
Comparison of rapid and slow sand filters :

Rapid send filter Slow sand filter
Space: Occupies very little space Occupies large area
Rate of filtration: 200 m.g.a.d. 2-3 m.g.a.d.
Effective size of sand: 0.4-0.7 mm 0.2-0.3 mm
Preliminary treatment: Chemical coagulation and sedimentation Plain sedimentation
Washing: By back-washing By scraping the sand bed
Operation: Highly skilled Less skilled
Loss of head allowed: 6-8 feet 4 feet
Removal of turbidity: Good Good
Removal of colour: Good Fair
Removal of bacteria 98-99 percent 99.9-99.99 percent

What is ozone?

  • Ozone is triatomatic allotrope of oxygen formed by recombination of oxygen atoms
  • Ozone is a color less gas with a characteristic pun get odor
  • Ozone is one and half time as heavy as oxygen
  • Ozone is 12.5 times more soluble in water than oxygen
  • Ozone has the strongest bactericidal, microbicidal, germicidal, disinfective, deodorizing decolorizing and oxidizing capacity.
  • Ozone is 1.5 time stronger oxidant and 3000 time fastest disinfectant than chlorine
  • Ozone is also has microfloculent property which gives sparkle and crystal clear clarity to water
  • Ozone reduce it self to oxygen with in 20 min at room –temperature leaving behind a nascent oxygen atom which is a very powerful oxidizing agent
  • Ozone treatment is absolutely chemical free as it makes use as chlorine fluorine or formylene redundant

How is ozone produced?

  • In stratosphere ozone is produced by sun’s ultra violet rays and by lightening
  • Ozone technology produced ozone (O3) directly from ambient air without any need for oxygen cylinder or chemical
  • Ozone can proudly proclaim that the uniq novel state of the art cold non sparking and indigenously developed technology which sues B1 stages of electronic circuitory can offer maximized production of ozone with economy of scale making it viable to offer customer built machines for each individually need for the first time.
  • Ozone technology can produce ozone quantity ranging from 1 gm /hr to 180 gms and hence ozone positive air ozoniser can purify and sterilize area ranging from 200 sq feet to 25000 sq feet while ozone positive water ozonisers can purify and disinfect ranging from 50 ltr/hr.

General use of ozone :

  • Elimination of iron manganese
  • Supplementary colour removal
  • Elimination of organic matter
  • Degradation of detergent
  • Elimination of organo-phosphurus pesticides
  • Biological activation
  • Deodorization
  • Disinfection.

Salient features :

  • No lubrication require
  • Noiseless performance
  • Absolutely portable
  • Practically maintenance free
  • Build in micro suction filter
  • Special diaphragms available (tefton/ viton)
  • Extra large bearing for trouble –free and smooth running
  • Pump available with frame-proof motor
  • Pump available with 24 v/ 48 v dc
  • Pump available with chemical resistive parts.
  • Pump available for gas chagrins in air- conditioner
  • Motor available in single as well as three phase construction
  • Motor available in 110 VAC also